Common Factors: Therapist Empathy

What Are Common Factors?

Common factors are important factors or ingredients that make therapy and the therapist effective based on research.

These factors can be incorporated into any therapeutic treatment approach/model/framework.

Why Empathy is Important

No one likes to be judged, especially by their therapist.

Empathy refers to the ability to place yourself in someone’s else experience.

There are 2 types of empathy:

  • Cognitive

  • Emotional

Examples of empathy

  • Feeling understood by your therapist

  • Feeling like your therapist “gets” you

  • Compassion

  • Shared emotions

Nonverbal communication of understanding

  • Leaning in

  • Nodding

  • Arms uncrossed

  • Eye contact

  • Relaxed body posture

  • Facial expressions

  • And more

Verbal communication of understanding including

  • Validation

  • Clarifying

  • Summarizing

  • Checking for accuracy

  • Active listening

  • And more

Questions To Reflect On

  • How do I define empathy?

  • What are my genuine ways of conveying empathy?

  • How do I practice reflective listening in session?

    • Reflective listening is the primary way of responding to clients and of building empathy. Reflective listening involves listening carefully to clients and then making a reasonable guess about what they are saying; in other words, it is like forming a hypothesis. The therapist then paraphrases the clients’ comments back to them.

  • How do I communicate to clients verbally I understand them?

  • How do I communicate to clients non verbally I understand them?

  • What have been my experiences where I felt someone empathized with me? What did this person sound like? What did they say? Etc.

  • How do I like being understood by others? Verbal? Non verbal?

  • And more

Statements And Questions You Can Try Out

  • That sounds hard

  • That sucks

  • That must have been difficult/challenging

  • Thank you for sharing that with me

  • I appreciate you sharing this with me

  • I’m sorry you’re going through this

  • I imagine that was so painful for you

  • It sounds like....

  • What I hear you saying...

  • It seems as if....

  • I get the sense that....

  • It feels as though....

  • (Silence)

  • Mmhmm

  • Mmm

  • Uh huh

  • Right

  • That makes sense

  • I see

  • I hear you

  • I get that

  • And more

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Common Factors: The Client

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Common Factors: Goal Consensus